Boulder Estate Planning Legal Blog

How an Irrevocable Trust Can Be Incorporated into an Estate Plan

June 24, 2023 | by Braverman Law Group

Trusts are a growing tool when it comes to estate planning. As a result, trust usage is increasing throughout the nation. Trusts offer many benefits when it comes to asset distribution, but also have limitations that other estate planning methods don’t have. Trusts allow for great specificity regarding how, when, and to whom assets are distributed. Additionally, trusts come in a wide variety of categories and subcategories dedicated to particular estate planning goals, such as charitable giving or tax reduction.

A trust not only designates who may benefit from the funds or resources in the trust, but addresses situations of incapacity, such as strokes, dementia, or Alzheimer’s. Those at risk of such circumstances may want to consider utilizing trusts to ensure that their resources and funds are preserved, managed, and spent in a manner that conforms to their wishes while in the care of loved ones or healthcare professionals.

What are Irrevocable Trusts?

Irrevocable trusts are a specific type of trust that cannot be modified, amended, or terminated without the permission of the grantor’s beneficiary or by the order of a court. While the precise rules governing irrevocable trusts vary from state to state, the grantor, having essentially transferred full ownership of assets into the irrevocable trust, legally removes their rights of ownership to the assets and the trust in this process.

Selecting A Good Trustee to Manage Your Family’s Trust

June 13, 2023 | by Braverman Law Group

When it comes to estate planning, selecting a proper and capable trustee is one of the most important steps in the process. A trustee takes legal ownership of trust assets, manages the trust, and is responsible for carrying out the purpose of the trust.

Important Factors for Choosing a Trustee

There are several important things to consider when assigning a trustee. Most people choose a friend, family member, attorney, or corporate trustee to oversee their assets. Before making the final choice, consider the following things: (1) The potential trustee’s availability, (2) their ability to be responsible, (3) their level of expertise, and (4) any costs associated with choosing that trustee. Weighing these factors is important and can have a big impact on your asset management in the future.

Availability

Make sure that you and the future trustee are on the same page when it comes to the time commitment involved with being a trustee. Depending on your assets and the structure and type of trust you utilize, serving as a trustee can be demanding. Trustees may be required to spend substantial amounts of time processing requests, mediating between parties, and making decisions regarding the trust. Not everyone has the time or ability to be fully available for such a process, and you don’t want that to negatively impact the running of your trust.

Contesting a Will in Colorado

May 31, 2023 | by Braverman Law Group

A will is a legal document dedicated to setting forth an individual’s wishes regarding the distribution of their property and assets as well as the care of their minor children. A will is the most established manner of ensuring that an individual’s wishes on those matters are accurately carried out. Wills are also helpful for an individual’s heirs, making sure that the division of assets is a smooth process.

Initiating a Claim to Contest a Will

A will can be contested for a number of reasons, including but not limited to when an individual believes they should have been a beneficiary of the will in question. Contesting a will is an expensive and formal process and requires evidence and expertise. The grounds for contesting a will vary to some degree from state to state, but the driving force behind each system is similar. To legally contest a will, an individual must have otherwise benefited from the will. The most common manner in which this manifests is with the children of a deceased person. Other common instances also include when an individual did not have children and extended family members litigate their alleged claims to the estate.

The process begins when a will is filed in probate court, resulting in the interested parties receiving notice. Once the process begins, the interested parties must object within the time period stipulated by the relevant jurisdiction. The court then determines if the will is valid and determines heirs, beneficiaries, worth, and assets.

Contesting Trusts and Actions of Trustees

May 10, 2023 | by Braverman Law Group

Trusts are increasingly utilized in Colorado and throughout the nation. Trusts offer several benefits in estate planning and asset distribution. Trusts allow for great specificity regarding how, when, and to whom assets are distributed. Additionally, there is a wide variety of special-use trusts dedicated to particular estate planning coals, such as charitable giving or tax reduction.

However, a trust not only designates who may benefit from the funds or resources in the trust but addresses situations of incapacity, such as strokes, dementia, or Alzheimer’s. Those at risk of such circumstances may want to consider utilizing trusts to ensure that their resources and funds are preserved, managed, and spent in a manner that conforms to their wishes while in the care of loved ones or healthcare professionals.

Contesting a Trust

Similarly to a will, trusts can be contested for a number of reasons, including but not limited to a lack of testamentary capacity, undue influence, or a lack of requisite formalities. Additionally, beneficiaries may challenge a trustee’s actions for violating the terms or purpose of a trust. Many, if not all, settlors will utilize mechanisms to limit challenges, such as inserting no-contest clauses in the trust that sever a beneficiary’s interest if they unsuccessfully challenge the trust.

How to Use an “Inheritor’s Trust” to Protect Your Heirs’ Inheritance

April 30, 2023 | by Braverman Law Group

Estate planning strategies and the creation of trusts are often used to protect a family’s assets from high tax burdens or other preventable attacks on an estate. The most common way for anyone seeking to control the division of their estate is by drafting a will, which mandates how the estate assets are divided. Some people instead choose to place their money into a trust that may offer additional protection for the assets in an estate. Traditionally, parents planning a bequest to their children or grandchildren might set up a trust themselves for the heirs’ benefit; however, there are alternatives to a benefactor-initiated trust that may work better for your family.

An “inheritor’s trust” is a trust that is set up by the heirs to an estate before the death of a benefactor. Using an inheritor’s trust can further help protect the assets of an estate from creditors, divorcing spouses, and high tax burdens. Unlike traditional trust instruments, which are designed from the top down, an inheritor’s trust is designed to be initiated from the bottom up. This change represents a growing movement for beneficiaries and heirs to an estate to take a more active role in managing the estate while the benefactor is still alive.

Although inheritors need not know the exact amount of their inheritance to create an inheritor’s trust, the trust still must be created with the consent of the benefactor. This could create uncomfortable conversations, as the benefactor must be alive at the time of its creation for the trust to function properly. If properly created, an inheritor trust can protect a family’s assets for generations as the trust continues to function, even as the generations pass. Anyone seeking to leave a legacy for their children or other heirs should research and ask questions about the possibility of an inheritor’s trust to manage and protect their assets most effectively.

Exploring the Financial Advantages of Nevada “Incomplete Gift, Nongrantor Trust” (NINGs)

April 11, 2023 | by Braverman Law Group

As of 2022, Colorado features a 4.40% state income tax rate. According to the Tax Foundation, state income tax rates throughout the nation can run as high as 13.30% in California, or as low as 0% in Alaska, Florida, Nevada, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wyoming. Some states are known for promoting favorable asset protection laws designed to attract wealthy families and individuals from across the country and the world.

Nevada is one such state looking for innovative ways to help families and individuals protect and save their wealth. One such method and tool that Nevada has introduced is the Nevada Incomplete Non-Grantor Trust (NING). NINGs are not a one size fits all solution to addressing state income tax issues but can be highly advantageous in certain circumstances.

What is a NING?

A NING is a trust in which income is placed to be paid out to beneficiaries living in a state with no income tax or an income tax with lower rates. In order to avoid state income tax, the trust must not be categorized as a “grantor trust” under the income tax laws of the state in which the settlor resides. Further, to avoid any federal gift tax issues, trust contributions must not be treated as gifts for federal gift tax purposes. Transfers that are not gifts are often referred to as “incomplete gifts.”

Reasons Why Will and Estate Planning Means You Care for Your Loved Ones

March 21, 2023 | by Braverman Law Group

When a loved one passes away unexpectedly, it can be a shocking, emotionally intense, and confusing time. The confusion may stem from figuring out what happens next. When it comes to figuring out who has legal rights to a deceased person’s property, it is not as straightforward as one may think. According to a recent CNBC news report, two-thirds of adults living in the United States have no will. On the one hand, different states have different laws when it comes to will and estate planning. In addition, after a loved one passes without a will, it can cause intense complications between family members and potential heirs because of varying goals.

The probate court is a section of the court system that oversees the execution of wills and the handling of estates, conservatorships, and guardianships. In an intestate situation or a situation where someone has died without a will, the matter will likely be handled in probate court. If a person passes away without a will or intestate, the probate court decides who gets the deceased person’s property, although it is up to the survivors to claim their right to the property. When there is no will in place, you can never be sure how a court will decide to distribute the deceased person’s property.

In an intestate situation, the probate court appoints an executor for the estate. This executor will follow the laws of the state where the deceased person lived. This process may involve identifying the kinship of the deceased and may cause the children to have the burden of proving that they are the offspring of the deceased. The family members also will need to locate the records of the deceased, including proof of residency, amongst other records. The process can take a lot of time.

Can Colorado Trust Beneficiaries Remove a Trustee?

March 10, 2023 | by Braverman Law Group

Family trusts can offer a lot of advantages, including tax advantages and benefits from long-term care planning. However, it is not uncommon for there to be disputes and conflicts between trustees and beneficiaries. When such disputes arise, there may be a time when you consider whether a trustee needs to be removed and you may be wondering what this entails.

Understanding the Terms

As a quick review of some essential terms, the person who creates a trust is called a trustor, grantor, or settlor. A family trust is created when the trustor and the beneficiaries of a trust are members of the same family. A trust agreement is the legal document that sets up a family trust, and the agreement typically designates an initial trustee or two or more initial co-trustees. The trust agreement also designates one or more successor trustees in the event that the initial trustees are no longer able to serve (i.e. in cases of death, removal, or resignation). The trust agreement should include the circumstances under which a trustee may be removed by the trustor.

Understanding How Removal Works in a Revocable Trust

It is important to note that the removal of a trustee is governed both by the trust agreement and by state law. When looking at a trust agreement, in a revocable trust, the trustor may amend the trust agreement in order to remove a trustee. Trust agreements typically allow the trustor to have the ability to remove a trustee, and this may be done at any time and also may be done without the trustee giving a reason. However, in an irrevocable trust, the trustor cannot remove a trustee.

Should “Swedish Death Cleaning” be a Part of Your Estate Plan?

February 21, 2023 | by Braverman Law Group

All cultures worldwide have different rituals and traditions pertaining to the end of one’s life. As the radius of influence between cultures is shortened by technology and migration, some of the death traditions of all cultures become available for discovery and possible adoption. The Swedish practice of döstädning, or “death cleaning,” could help American and Colorado families to ease the burden on loved ones when someone passes away.

Death cleaning, while it may have a morbid-sounding name, is truly a service that is done by someone approaching the end of their life to help ease their heir’s difficulties in managing the estate. Swedish author Margareta Magnusson, author of the popular book, “The Gentle Art of Swedish Death Cleaning: How to Make Your Loved Ones’ Lives Easier and Your Own Life More Pleasant,” explained that the practice stems from the Scandinavian values of simplicity and minimalism. Death cleaning involves going through one’s personal effects and belongings and handling their disbursement or disposal before one’s death.

Death cleaning can benefit both the aging person as well as their heirs and beneficiaries. The work of managing a deceased loved one’s estate can be physically and emotionally taxing. Grieving family members are often forced, while under emotional distress, to decide what items are important and what can be disposed of or donated. Through the practice of death cleaning, an aging person can make some of these decisions themselves, helping their heirs make remaining decisions after their death. Studies have shown that minimalist practices, including death cleaning, can also have a positive effect on the mental health of the person going through their belongings. The act of organizing and cleaning in anticipation of death can be both sentimental and cathartic, possibly improving the cleaner’s quality of life for the last few years and months.

How to Take Advantage of the 20% Pass-Through Tax Deduction for Rental Properties

February 10, 2023 | by Braverman Law Group

In 2017, the US Congress passed a bill known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which was signed by the President and has since become law. The Act modifies the tax code in various ways, generally reducing the amount of taxes that American business owners are required to pay annually. Part of the Act includes a 20% pass-through tax deduction on rental property business income. This deduction could make a significant difference in the tax burden for landlords who operate their rental properties as a business.

According to an article recently published by a financial advising trade publication, taking advantage of the deduction may not be simple for all Colorado landlords. The deduction requires landlords to own the property personally or through a business entity such as an LLC. Additionally, the properties must be managed as a “business” and not as an investment. Although the exact requirements for a property to be managed as a business are not clearly laid out, landlords who meet certain requirements laid out by the IRS can ensure that they are able to use the pass-through deduction.

The IRS has established a “safe harbor” rule that allows Colorado residents and other Americans to utilize the pass-through deduction if they keep separate books for their rental properties and can show that at least 250 hours of real estate rental services are performed on the properties each year. The 250 hours do not need to be performed personally by the taxpayer and can include services such as maintenance, cleaning, lease preparation and negotiation, advertisement, collecting and processing rent, as well as other work performed on the business.